社区获得性肺炎病原谱构成及初始经验性抗菌药物应用的争议

[1] Is Streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology?A microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Ruia-Gonzalez A,Falguera M,Nogues A,et al. The American Journal of Medicine . 1999

[2] Empirical atypical cover-age for inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia:systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Shefet D,Robenshtok E,Paul M,et al. Archives of Internal Medicine . 2005

[3] Effectiveness of beta lactam anti-biotics compared with antibiotics active against atypical pathogens in non-severe community acquired pneumonia:meta-analysis. Mills GD,Oehley MR,Arrol B. British Medical Journal . 2005

[4] Incidence of community-ac-quired pneumonia requiring hospitalization:results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Marston BJ,Plouffe JF,File TM,et al. Archives of Internal Medicine . 1997

[5] Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia:a meta-analysis. Fine MJ,Smith MA,Carson CA,et al. The Journal of The American Medical Association . 1996

[6] Guidelines for the manage-ment of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Woodhead M,Blasi F,Ewig S,et al. European Respiratory Journal . 2005

[7] The Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of community acquiredpneumonia in adults. Kohno S,Matsushima T,Saito A,et al. Respirology . 2006

[8] The impact of penicillin resistance on short-term mortality in hospitalized adults with pneu-mococcal pneumonia:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tleyjeh IM,Tlaygeh HM,Hejal R,et al. Clinical Infectious Diseases . 2006

[9] Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Am Thorac Society. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2001

[10] Molecular charactreization of macrolide resistance mechanisms among streptococcus pneumo-nial and streptococcus pyogenes isolated from the PROTEKT1999—2000study. Farrell DJ,Morrissey I,Bakker S,et al. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy . 2002

[1] Is Streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology?A microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Ruia-Gonzalez A,Falguera M,Nogues A,et al. The American Journal of Medicine . 1999

[2] Empirical atypical cover-age for inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia:systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Shefet D,Robenshtok E,Paul M,et al. Archives of Internal Medicine . 2005

[3] Effectiveness of beta lactam anti-biotics compared with antibiotics active against atypical pathogens in non-severe community acquired pneumonia:meta-analysis. Mills GD,Oehley MR,Arrol B. British Medical Journal . 2005

[4] Incidence of community-ac-quired pneumonia requiring hospitalization:results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Marston BJ,Plouffe JF,File TM,et al. Archives of Internal Medicine . 1997

[5] Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia:a meta-analysis. Fine MJ,Smith MA,Carson CA,et al. The Journal of The American Medical Association . 1996

[6] Guidelines for the manage-ment of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Woodhead M,Blasi F,Ewig S,et al. European Respiratory Journal . 2005

[7] The Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of community acquiredpneumonia in adults. Kohno S,Matsushima T,Saito A,et al. Respirology . 2006

[8] The impact of penicillin resistance on short-term mortality in hospitalized adults with pneu-mococcal pneumonia:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tleyjeh IM,Tlaygeh HM,Hejal R,et al. Clinical Infectious Diseases . 2006

[9] Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Am Thorac Society. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2001

[10] Molecular charactreization of macrolide resistance mechanisms among streptococcus pneumo-nial and streptococcus pyogenes isolated from the PROTEKT1999—2000study. Farrell DJ,Morrissey I,Bakker S,et al. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy . 2002