偏远地区大气中持久性有机污染物研究进展

被引：14

作者：

王小萍

龚平

姚檀栋

机构：

[1] 中国科学院青藏高原研究所

[2] 中国科学院青藏高原研究所北京

来源：

环境科学 | 2008年 / 02期

关键词：

持久性有机污染物(POPs); 大气; 偏远地区; 传输机制; 归趋模型;

D O I：

10.13227/j.hjkx.2008.02.036

中图分类号：

X831 [大气监测];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070602 ;

摘要：

持久性有机污染物(POPs)在偏远地区大气中的分布与迁移已经成为大气POPs研究的热点.基于被动采样技术的大尺度POPs监测网络已经应用于偏远地区大气POPs的研究之中.其研究成果显示,最近5060年以来,大气中POPs浓度的最大峰值出现在80年代左右,而80年代之后大气中POPs的浓度日趋减小.这说明各国陆续禁用POPs之后,大气中POPs的浓度有显著降低的趋势.受温度和季节性使用的影响,大气POPs的浓度呈现明显的季节性变化特点:有机氯农药的浓度主要表现为夏季高而冬季低;多环芳烃的浓度则主要表现为冬季高而夏季低.基于POPs高挥发性和长距离大气传输的特点,POPs可以在全球范围内广泛分布,而高海拔地区由于气温较低,使其相对于低海拔地区成为了POPs的"接收器".大气POPs分布和迁移受温度、降水、气候事件的影响.而且POPs在大气与不同下垫面之间的界面交换的方向、速度和通量也主要受环境温度和POPs的挥发能力的制约.综合大气POPs迁移与气候因素、界面特点之间的关系建立了多介质、大尺度的大气POPs归趋模型.模型的建立和POPs来源的明确使大气POPs传输机制的研究逐渐深入.此外还讨论了目前大气POPs研究中存在着的一些亟待解决的问题,并提出该领域未来可能的发展趋势.

引用

收藏

页码：2273 / 2282

页数：10

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