猪圆环病毒免疫学和综合防控措施研究进展

被引:2
作者
邓柏林
云鹏
魏荣贵
李复煌
机构
[1] 北京市畜牧兽医总站
关键词
猪圆环病毒; 免疫学; 研究进展; 综合防控;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S858.28 [猪];
学科分类号
0906 ;
摘要
猪圆环病毒(Porcine Circovirus,PCV)在世界范围内广泛存在。PCV是1974年在猪肾传代细胞系PK-15中发现的一种污染病毒,并不引起细胞病变效应(CPE),无致病性,被命名为PCV1,而后在猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome,PMWS)中分离该病毒,有致病性,被命名为PCV2。该病与猪的多种综合征有关,除引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征外,还可引起猪皮炎肾病综合征(Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome,PDNS)、猪呼吸系统疾病症候群、母猪繁殖障碍、肠炎等。已有研究表明,PCV2主要侵害猪体的免疫系统,导致免疫抑制及机体抵抗力降低,干扰和破坏猪对其他疫病免疫抗体的产生和维持,从而继发其他疾病。目前该病几乎在包括我国在内的世界上所有养猪国家广泛存在,给养猪业造成重大经济损失。PCV2感染和免疫刺激作用在PMWS发生中起关键作用,母源抗体对PMWS发生有被动保护作用,通过对初产母猪和经产母猪进行PCV2免疫,增加母源性免疫和降低病毒血症的措施可以减少PMWS和仔猪的死亡。PCV2疫苗现在虽然已经在商业上应用,但因PMWS并非单独由PCV2引起,其必须与猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)、猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)等病原协同作用于免疫系统,才能够引起猪发病,所以疫苗对PCV2感染预防很难奏效,而且疫苗对PCV2复制和PCVD的诱导增强作用似乎依赖于疫苗佐剂的类型和疫苗的接种时间。因此,对该病的防控必须采取综合防治为主的技术手段。针对目前商用疫苗,人们进行了许多相关的免疫对比试验研究,对母猪在配种前后进行免疫注射,在发生过PMWS感染的猪群,应该根据PCV2感染的时间有目的地制定免疫接种方案,能够控制或者减少PMWS的发生。本文重点综述了PCV2的感染的免疫学研究进展并对目前采取的综合防控措施做了回顾和展望。
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页码:78 / 83
页数:6
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