Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has recently received much attention as a possible key determinant of progressive fibrosis. It promotes tissue fibrosis through different pathways, such as cell proliferation, extracellular matrix accumulation and cell transdifferentiation. A number of regulators of CTGF expression have been identified, including transforming growth factor β, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, etc. The mechanism of profibrotic effect by CTGF was reviewed. [