非Robertsonian类型小黑麦易位系的研究

Plant geneticists and breeders pay great attention to the investigation of translocation lines, because it involves the study of chromosomal structure and function, and the transfer of alien chromosomal fragments (genes) into wheat. Excellent translocation lines do have direct application in breeding programs. The principles and methods of inducing chromosome translocation lines have been reviewed. The techniques used in inducing chromosomal translocations can be classified into two major types. 1. Regulating the activity of the Ph gene to facilitate the exchange between homoeologous chromosomes so as to create translocation lines. 2. Exploitation of irradiation, tissue culture or gametocidal chromosome induced chromosomal breakage and reunion to obtain translocation lines. In the last decade, we obtained many wheat rye translocation lines from regenerated pollen plants. Among the 10 translocation lines, there were 4 non Robertsonian translocation lines. The non Robertsonian translocation lines,were identified using a range of techniques, including C banding, in situ hybridization and genome or chromosome specific molecular markers. Based on our investigations, we conclude that the non Robertsonian translocation lines arising from anther culture were the products of abnormal mitosis in in vitro cultured cells.