15N标记水稻控释氮肥对提高氮素利用效率的研究

被引:72
作者
刘德林
聂军
肖剑
机构
[1] 湖南省原子能农业应用研究所
[2] 湖南省土壤肥料研究所
关键词
水稻控释氮肥; 水稻; 15N; 肥料效应; 氮的损失;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S511.062 [];
学科分类号
摘要
本文应用1 5N示踪技术研究了水稻对控释氮肥和尿素氮吸收利用效率的影响以及氮的去向。结果表明 ,施肥后 11天内 ,水稻控释氮肥和尿素的NH3 挥发损失分别占施入氮量的 0 .6 9%和 1.81%。NH3 的挥发损失在施肥后第 5天时达到最大值 ,此后逐渐降低。水稻控释氮肥和尿素氮的淋溶损失分别占施入氮量的 0 .95 %和 1.0 2 %。水稻控释氮肥氮的淋溶损失在水稻整个生长期间均比较平缓 ,施肥后 40天时略有上升 ,此后又缓慢降低。用氮素平衡帐中的亏缺量扣除氨的损失量后计为硝化—反硝化损失量的结果表明 ,水稻控释氮肥氮的硝化—反硝化损失量占施入氮量的 3.46 %,而尿素氮的硝化—反硝化损失量却高达 37.75 %。肥料氮在土壤中的残留主要集中在 0~ 35cm的土层中 ,达 91.4— 91.5 %,残留在 35cm以下土层中的氮甚微。水稻控释氮肥残留在土壤中的氮量略高于尿素处理。水稻控释氮肥利用率高达 73.8%,比尿素高出 34 .9%。水稻控释氮肥氮利用率高的原因是因氮从颗粒中缓慢释放、受淋溶、氨挥发、尤其受硝化—反硝化途径损失的氮较少。在施等氮量的条件下 ,施用水稻控释氮肥的稻谷产量比尿素的增产 2 5 .5 %,达到p =0 .0 5的显著水平。
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页码:87 / 92
页数:6
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