茉莉酸在植物诱导防御中的作用

被引:102
作者
徐伟
严善春
机构
[1] 东北林业大学
基金
教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金;
关键词
茉莉酸; 诱导抗性; 植物防御; 防御蛋白; 次生物质;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
Q946 [植物生物化学];
学科分类号
摘要
茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)作为与损伤相关的植物激素和信号分子,广泛地存在于植物体中,外源应用能够激发防御植物基因的表达,诱导植物的化学防御,产生与机械损伤和昆虫取食相似的效果。大量研究表明,用茉莉酸类化合物处理植物可系统诱导蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和多酚氧化酶(PPO),从而影响植食动物对营养物质的吸收,还能增加过氧化物酶、壳聚糖酶和脂氧合酶等防御蛋白的活性水平,导致生物碱和酚酸类次生物质的积累,增加并改变挥发性信号化合物的释放,甚至形成防御结构,如毛状体和树脂导管。经茉莉酸处理的植物提高了植食动物的死亡率,变得更加吸引捕食性和寄生性天敌。挥发性化合物——茉莉酸甲酯可以从植物的气孔进入植物体内,在细胞质中被酯酶水解为茉莉酸,实现长距离的信号传导和植物间的交流,诱导邻近植物产生诱导防御反应。茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯分别具有4种立体异构,其中具有活性的是顺式结构,但顺式结构不稳定,会差向异构化为反式结构。茉莉酸的代谢物(Z)-茉莉酮(cis-Jasmone)具电生理活性,在植物诱导防御中起作用,并且在防御信号的作用上不同于茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯。
引用
收藏
页码:2074 / 2082
页数:9
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