大学生非形式推理特点研究

被引:2
作者
张黎 [1 ]
张奇 [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] 中国辽宁师范大学教育学院心理系
[2] 北京师范大学发展心理研究所
关键词
大学生; 辩手; 非辩手; 非形式推理;
D O I
10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2009.07.032
中图分类号
B842.5 [言语与思维];
学科分类号
摘要
目的探讨大学生非形式推理特点。方法以结构不良问题为论题,运用实验法和临床访谈法测量辩手和非辩手的非形式推理能力。结果辩手和非辩手对各类推理结构的应用比例有显著的差异,辩手所给出的我方理由、他方理由和他方理由反驳数量显著多于非辩手;二者都存在着我方偏差,但我方偏差指数无显著差异;除可靠性外,辩手在推理内容的独创性和批判性上的得分都显著高于非辩手,非辩手的概念表征错误和推理中断显著多于辩手;辩手给出的理由、关系和结论反驳数量显著多于非辩手。结论普通大学生的非形式推理水平要低于大学生辩手,组织大学生参加对有争议问题的辩论或讨论活动是提高学生非形式推理能力的有效途径。
引用
收藏
页码:851 / 854
页数:4
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