荧光原位杂交技术的发展与应用

The techniques of in situ hybridization （ISH） are widely adopted for analyzing the genetic makeup and RNA expression patterns of individual cells. There are four main criterions for evaluating this technique, including detection sensitivity, resolution, capacity and specificity. This review focuses on a number of advances made over the last years in the fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）. These advances can be catagorized into several branches as follows: （1） MulticolorFISH （mFISH）, including conventional mFISH, combinatorial FISH, ratio labelling FISH, multicolor chromosome painting and comparative genomic hybridization （CGH）; （2） Extended DNA fiberFISH （EDFFISH）, including quantitative DNA fiber mapping （QDFM）, molecular combing （MC） and dynamic molecular combing （DMC）; （3） In situ PCRbased FISH; （4） Bacterial （or yeast） artificial chromosomeFISH （BACFISH or YACFISH）; （5） Tyramide signal amplificationFISH （TSAFISH）; （6） Polypeptide nucleic acidFISH （PNAFISH） and （7） padlockFISH.