鼓励生育的政策及其效果:国际经验、回顾和展望

被引:62
作者
王颖
孙梦珍
机构
[1] 北京师范大学政府管理学院
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助;
关键词
生育政策; 现金补贴; 税收优惠; 产假制度;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
C924.2 [中国人口];
学科分类号
030302 [人口学];
摘要
在已有的鼓励生育的政策中,现金补贴政策具有操作简单、作用直接、指向明确的特点,对鼓励生育有积极作用,其实施效果受补贴力度、父母受教育水平以及家庭收入等因素影响;税收优惠政策实施时间较晚,具有操作复杂、调节精细化等特点,但其作用尚未取得一致性的结论,其实施效果受育龄妇女年龄、教育水平以及家庭收入水平等因素影响;产假政策具有覆盖面广、历史悠久、制度完备等特点,对鼓励生育有积极作用,但效果较小,其实施效果受家庭收入、女性劳动供给等因素影响。国际上可供借鉴的经验包括:提高政策支持力度,及早进行干预,更容易产生效果;在干预政策的选择上,现金补贴政策可先于税收政策,产假制度可作为辅助,使政策之间形成配合;对政策进行精细化设计,如鼓励多孩和大家庭、男性产假等。
引用
收藏
页码:19 / 29
页数:11
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