辟谣信息构成要素:一种整合框架——二战以来西方辟谣实证研究回顾

被引：4

作者：

熊炎

机构：

[1] 北京市社会科学院首都社会治安综合治理研究所

来源：

广东行政学院学报 | 2015年 / 27卷 / 01期

关键词：

辟谣来源; 谣言反驳; 真相陈述; 情愫唤起;

D O I：

10.13975/j.cnki.gdxz.2015.01.001

中图分类号：

D035 [国家行政管理];

学科分类号：

1204 ; 120401 ;

摘要：

二战以来西方辟谣实证研究中辟谣信息常见的构成要素有:辟谣来源、背景谣言、谣言反驳、真相陈述、情愫唤起。选择谣言受益者、专业对口者、层级适当者作为辟谣来源,可暂时提高辟谣信息的说服力。介绍背景谣言可避免受众误解辟谣动机,也可以给予受众稳健的谣言"免疫力",但重述谣言也可能导致"真相错觉",所以需通过否定语句来介绍背景谣言。使用反驳可降低单一版本谣言的信度或认知影响,但反驳在谣言来源信度和相关性都较高时可能会导致"逆火效应"。陈述事实真相可降低多版本谣言的信度或认知影响,且可避免"逆火效应",但其吸引力不如谣言及其反驳。情愫唤起可降低谣言的情感影响,但也可能导致"逆火效应"。

引用

页码：5 / 12

页数：8

共 18 条

[1]

谣言心理学[M]. 辽宁教育出版社[美]奥尔波特等著, 2003

[2] The Hazards of Correcting Myths About Health Care Reform [J].

Nyhan, Brendan ;

Reifler, Jason ;

Ubel, Peter A. .

MEDICAL CARE, 2013, 51 (02) :127-132

[3]

Beliefs Don't Always Persevere: How Political Figures Are Punished When Positive Information about Them Is Discredited[J] . Michael D. Cobb,Brendan Nyhan,Jason Reifler.Political Psychology . 2012 (3)

[4]

When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions[J] . Brendan Nyhan,Jason Reifler.Political Behavior . 2010 (2)

[5]

When “Just Say No” is not enough: Affirmation versus negation training and the reduction of automatic stereotype activation[J] . Bertram Gawronski,Roland Deutsch,Sawsan Mbirkou,Beate Seibt,Fritz Strack.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology . 2007 (2)

[6]

Rethinking the Inoculation Analogy: Effects on Subjects With Differing Preexisting Attitudes[J] . Michelle L. M.Wood.Human Communication Research . 2007 (3)

[7]

Source Characteristics in Denying Rumors of Organizational Closure: Honesty Is the Best Policy[J] . PrashantBordia,NicholasDifonzo,Cassandra A.Schulz.Journal of Applied Social Psychology . 2006 (11)

[8]

Rumors Denials as Persuasive Messages: Effects of Personal Relevance, Source, and Message Characteristics[J] . PrashantBordia,NicholasDiFonzo,RobinHaines,ElizabethChaseling.Journal of Applied Social Psychology . 2006 (6)

[9]

Rumor Rest Stops on the Information Highway Transmission Patterns in a Computer‐Mediated Rumor Chain[J] . PRASHANTBORDIA,RALPH L.ROSNOW.Human Communication Research . 2006 (2)

[10]

“I am not guilty” vs “I am innocent”: Successful negation may depend on the schema used for its encoding[J] . Ruth Mayo,Yaacov Schul,Eugene Burnstein.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology . 2003 (4)

← 1 2 →