电解水制氢技术研究进展与发展建议

被引：351

作者：

俞红梅 ^{[1
,2
]}

邵志刚 ^{[1
,2
]}

侯明 ^{[1
,2
]}

衣宝廉 ^{[1
,2
]}

段方维 ^{[3
]}

杨滢璇 ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所

[2] 中国科学院燃料电池及复合电能源重点实验室

[3] 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院

来源：

中国工程科学 | 2021年 / 23卷 / 02期

关键词：

电解水制氢; 可再生能源; 质子交换膜电解水制氢; 绿氢; 长距离输送;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

TQ116.2 [氢气];

学科分类号：

082801 [农业机械化工程];

摘要：

随着日益增长的低碳减排需求,氢的绿色制取技术受到广泛重视,利用可再生能源进行电解水制氢是目前众多氢气来源方案中碳排放最低的工艺。本文梳理了氢能需求和规划的进展、电解水制氢的示范项目情况,重点分析了电解水制氢技术,涵盖技术分类、碱水制氢应用、质子交换膜(PEM)电解水制氢。研究认为,提升电催化剂活性、提高膜电极中催化剂的利用率、改善双极板表面处理工艺、优化电解槽结构,有助于提高PEM电解槽的性能并降低设备成本;PEM电解水制氢技术的运行电流密度高、能耗低、产氢压力高,适应可再生能源发电的波动性特征、易于与可再生能源消纳相结合,是电解水制氢的适宜方案。结合氢储运与电解制氢的技术特征研判、我国输氢需求,提出发展建议:利用西北、西南、东北等区域丰富的可再生能源,通过电解水制氢产生高压氢;氢送入天然气管网,然后在用氢端从天然气管道取气、重整制氢,由此构成绿色制氢与长距离输送的系统解决方案。

引用

页码：146 / 152

页数：7

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