肺炎链球菌感染与对策

被引:5
作者
刘又宁
佘丹阳
机构
[1] 解放军总医院呼吸科
[2] 解放军总医院呼吸科 北京
[3] 北京
关键词
肺炎链球菌; 耐药; 抗菌药物;
D O I
10.13461/j.cnki.wna.003854
中图分类号
R515 [细菌传染病、球菌传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
肺炎链球菌是社区获得性肺炎的最重要致病菌 ,同时也是引起中耳炎、副鼻窦炎、脑膜炎的主要致病菌 ,已知有 80多个血清型 ,其主要致病物质为荚膜和溶血素。肺炎链球菌对 β -内酰胺类抗生素的耐药主要与细菌PBP变异有关 ,对大环内酯类药物的耐药机制主要为核糖体靶位改变和主动外排机制 ,对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药则主要与拓扑异构酶IV或DNA促旋酶的变异有关。目前耐青霉素肺炎链球菌已在世界范围内广泛流行 ,我国耐青霉素肺炎链球菌的分离率较低 ,但有逐年上升趋势。除香港等个别地区外 ,肺炎链球菌对新氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药率目前仍处于较低水平。接种肺炎链球菌多价荚膜多糖疫苗可减少其感染及携带率。在肺炎链球菌感染的治疗方面 ,大剂量的青霉素或氨苄西林对青霉素低度耐药的肺炎链球菌 (PISP)感染仍然有效 ,对青霉素高度耐药的肺炎链球菌 (PRSP)感染则可选用头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、新喹诺酮类药物、万古霉素等。我国肺炎链球菌对大环内酯类抗生素有较高的体外耐药率 ,但体内疗效尚待进一步研究
引用
收藏
页码:124 / 126
页数:3
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