冻融作用对冻土区微生物生理和生态的影响

被引:38
作者
杨思忠
金会军
机构
[1] 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室
关键词
多年冻土; 冻结-融化作用; 微生物; 生物地球化学;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
Q938 [微生物生态学和地区分布];
学科分类号
摘要
不同时空尺度的冻融过程导致冻土温度变化及水的相变和迁移,改变着微生物生境的物理和化学性质。冻融过程可改变细胞内外渗透压平衡,且冰晶生长过程能损伤细胞膜和细胞器。限于营养、氧气等其它极端不利条件,不少细胞逐渐转入休眠状态以度过难关;微生物DNA、蛋白质的合成和能量代谢仅用于维持细胞生存。冻融作用通过改变细胞代谢模式而影响微生物参与的寒区碳氮元素的生物地球化学循环。多年冻土层保存了不同地质时期微生物种群的多样性,作为物理和生物地球化学屏障,可有效削弱地表过程和地壳本底辐射对微生物的影响。在长期的适应过程中,微生物发展了相应的耐受机制,从结构和功能方面,细胞和分子水平上应对冻土环境和冻融过程。这可为寻找地外寒冷星球上可能的生命形式提供一些线索。
引用
收藏
页码:5065 / 5074
页数:10
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