判断与决策中的证实性偏差

被引：30

作者：

吴修良 ^{[1
,2
]}

徐富明 ^{[1
,2
]}

王伟 ^{[1
,2
]}

马向阳 ^{[1
,2
]}

匡海敏 ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室

[2] 华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室

来源：

心理科学进展 | 2012年 / 20卷 / 07期

关键词：

证实性偏差; 肯定检验策略; 认知失调; 错误规避;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

B842.1 [认知];

学科分类号：

摘要：

证实性偏差是指个体在决策时,倾向于有意或无意地寻找支持已有信念、预期或假设的信息和解释,忽视可能与之不一致的信息和解释。目前,研究者主要从肯定检验策略、认知失调理论以及错误规避三个方面解释证实性偏差的心理机制。证实性偏差还受到条件性参考框架、任务的抽象性、个体经验以及认知闭合的需要等因素的影响。虽然证实性偏差不能完全消除,但是可以通过竞争性假设分析法和考虑对立面的方法降低其程度。未来的研究可以从证实性偏差的产生根源、研究范式、群体决策中的证实性偏差以及拓展应用研究这四个方面进行探讨。

引用

页码：1080 / 1088

页数：9

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