豆科牧草研究进展(英文)

被引:23
作者
JohnFrame
机构
[1] ArdChoille
[2] StVincentCrescent AyrKAQW
[3] Scotland
[4] UK
关键词
豆科牧草; 研究进展; 品种培育; 固氮; 浓缩单宁; 饲用价值; 选择性利用;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S54-3 [];
学科分类号
090503 ; 0909 ;
摘要
豆科牧草的属间、属内、种间与种内均存在着巨大的遗传变异 ,利用这种变异 ,通过育种与选择 ,已培育出可良好地适应广泛的环境与管理条件的品种 ,遗传操作为此提供了更为广阔的空间。在豆科牧草固氮方面 ,对固氮过程、氮向伴生禾草的传送途径及残余氮对后继农作物的价值均有了进一步的理解。对包括施氮、采摘策略和影响混播草地中禾本科 豆科牧草平衡的胁迫等相互作用因素均已给予了阐明。在禾草 /白三叶草草地为基础的家畜生产系统中 ,氮素的损失及其对环境产生的不良作用低于大量施氮的禾草草地系统。与禾草相比 ,豆科牧草无论是用作放牧、青贮或用作干草 ,其物理、化学和解剖学等方面的特性均可增加家畜的嗜食性和自由采食量。由于豆科牧草的营养价值、可利用营养成分和采食特征 ,在单一豆科牧草或豆科牧草比重较大的禾草 豆科牧草混播草地上采食的不同种类、不同类型家畜的个体生产性能均优于在禾草草地上采食者。值得注意的是浓缩单宁在动物营养中的有益作用 ,这类单宁存在于诸如百脉根 (Lotuscorniculatus)、红豆草 (Onobrychisviciifolia)和冠状岩黄芪(Hedyscrumcoroharium)等植物中 ,其防止家畜患膨胀病 ,通过使较多的氨态氮到达小肠而提高氮素的利用 ,并减轻绵羊肠道中线虫的作用。显然 ,培育
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页码:1 / 17
页数:17
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