Bioactivities and Pharmaceutical Effects of 1-Aminocyclopro-panecarboxylic Acid

Objective The 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid(ACPC) is a natural micromolecule non-protein amino acid that exists only in plants.Despite the determination of its regulating effects on plants,several bioactivities and effects on animals or humans are still unclear.This review focuses the pharmaceutical effects,above all,the neuroprotective effects of ACPC on the cerebro-and cardiovascular system.Methods Two hundred and seventy nine studies were selected and identified from a total of 2457 references in Medline and Chemical Abstracts from 1957 to 2008.Only 38 articles on neuroprotective effects of ACPC from seven different countries qualified to be included in the analysis.Results ACPC has altogether following six general neuroprotective effects on the brain and nervous system:anti-neurotoxicity induced by NMDA,dynorphin-A,glutamate,and morphine;protection from cerebral neurological injury induced by ischemia;antidepressant and anxiolytic effects;anti-convulsion and-seizures and control of epilepsy;facilitation of spatial learning and memory;and the effect of reducing alcohol consumption.Conclusion ACPC has shown a variety of effects on plants and animals.The bioactivities and pharmaceutical effects on animals are of great significance to medical research and public health.Further clinical trials or epidemiological studies are needed to determine its effect in humans.Food intervention with ACPC-rich vegetables and fruits may be a suitable therapy for cerebro-and cardiovascular system diseases.Administration of trace exogenous ACPC could produce vegetables and fruits of rich endogenous ACPC.