颅脑损伤后神经递质系统变化与认知障碍的研究进展

被引：25

作者：

郑平

童武松

机构：

[1] 上海浦东新区人民医院神经外科

来源：

中华神经医学杂志 | 2012年 / 02期

关键词：

颅脑损伤; 神经递质; 认知障碍;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

R651.15 [];

学科分类号：

摘要：

<正>近年来,颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)的发生率、致残率逐渐增高,随着对脑外伤急性期治疗手段的不断提高,已能大大降低早期的死亡率。然而,它仍是慢性期致残的主要原因,其中认知功能障碍是最持久和最严重的症状之一。虽然大部分患者中这些功能在1年后恢复正常,但仍有10%～15%的轻型脑损伤患者存在功能障碍,在中、重型TBI患者中比例更高。TBI后认知障碍的确切机制至今仍不十分清楚,研究发现大脑内学习和记忆等认知活动与多种神经递质相关,包括乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach),去甲肾上腺素,多巴胺(DA),5-羟色胺(5-HT),γ-氨基丁酸,谷氨酸,神经营养因子等。本文就TBI后主要神经递质系统的变化及其与认知障碍的研究进展进行简要综述。

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