远缘杂交导致不同倍性鱼的形成

被引：40

作者：

刘少军

机构：

[1] 湖南师范大学生命科学学院,教育部蛋白质化学与鱼类发育生物学重点实验室

来源：

中国科学:生命科学 | 2010年 / 40卷 / 02期

基金：

国家自然科学基金重点项目; 国家杰出青年科学基金;

关键词：

远缘杂交; 遗传变异; 雌核发育; 雄核发育; 多倍体鱼; 生物进化; 遗传育种;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S917.4 [水产动物学];

学科分类号：

0908 ;

摘要：

远缘杂交可以使基因组从一个物种转移到另一个物种中,从而导致杂交后代的表现型和基因型都发生改变.本文描述了在红鲫（♀）与鲤鱼（♂）的远缘杂交后代中,形成了F3F18两性可育异源四倍体鲫鲤群体（4n=200,简称为4nAT）.4nAT的雌、雄个体分别产生的二倍体卵子和二倍体精子,经过雌核发育和雄核发育,在没有染色体加倍处理情况下,分别发育成雌核发育二倍体后代和雄核发育二倍体后代.其中雌核发育体系衍生出具有遗传变异的改良四倍体鲫鲤和改良二倍体鱼,二倍体杂交鱼产生不减数的配子的现象与减数分裂前核内复制或者核内有丝分裂或者生殖细胞融合有关.用雄性4nAT与雌性二倍体鱼进行倍间交配大规模制备了不育三倍体鱼.在红鲫（♀）与团头鲂（♂）的远缘杂交后代中,成功地获得两性可育的天然雌核发育红鲫（2n=100）,不育的三倍体鲫鲂（3n=124）以及两性可育的四倍体鲫鲂（4n=148）,此外,还制备了两种五倍体鲫鲂（5n=172;5n=198）.该文在细胞和分子水平上对不同倍性鱼的生物学特点和形成机制进行了比较,揭示了远缘杂交或者将远缘杂交与雌核发育和雄核发育相结合的方法在具有遗传变异的不同倍性鱼的形成中发挥着积极作用,这在生物进化和鱼类遗传育种方面都具有重要意义.

引用

页码：104 / 114

页数：11

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