保护性耕作对大豆生长发育及土壤微生物多样性影响

被引：27

作者：

向新华 ^{[1
,2
]}

魏巍 ^{[1
]}

张兴义 ^{[1
]}

许艳丽 ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态院重点实验室

[2] 东北林业大学

来源：

大豆科学 | 2013年 / 32卷 / 03期

关键词：

保护性耕作; 免耕; 少耕; 大豆; 生长发育; 微生物群落;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S565.1 [大豆];

学科分类号：

090302 [植物营养学];

摘要：

明确保护性耕作对作物生长发育和土壤微生物群落的影响对于土壤管理具有重要意义。在中国科学院海伦长期定位区设置了免耕(NR)、少耕(RT)和旋松(ROT)3个耕作处理,研究了保护性耕作下大豆生长发育和产量情况,同时采用荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法分析了土壤微生物多样性变化。研究结果显示:在苗期免耕和少耕对大豆生长具有一定的抑制作用,同时加重根腐病病害,但在成熟期免耕和少耕大豆生长优势明显,产量显著增加,其中少耕最高,比旋松增产3.9%,达到2 507.3 kg.hm-2。3种耕作方式对土壤细菌数量影响不大,真菌数量是免耕>少耕>旋松(P<0.05),其中免耕菌落数(CFU)和基因组DNA质量分别比旋松增加31.9%和13.3%,旋松和少耕的细菌/真菌比值要明显高于免耕。DGGE电泳分析表明,免耕和少耕对土壤细菌多样性增加不明显,但可以显著提高真菌多样性。主成分分析得出少耕和旋松细菌群落具有较高的相似性,而真菌群落结构3种耕作方式差异明显。

引用

页码：321 / 327+332 +332

页数：8

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