产超广谱 β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌的感染与控制

被引:11
作者
周建芳
杜斌
机构
[1] 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院内科ICU
关键词
超广谱 β-内酰胺酶; 肠杆菌科; 抗生素;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R446.5 [微生物学检验];
学科分类号
100208 [临床检验诊断学];
摘要
超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)在肠杆菌科细菌中很常见,可水解超广谱头孢菌素,克拉维酸可抑制其水解作用。最主要的产ESBL的肠杆菌科细菌包括大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属及变形杆菌属,在社区获得性感染中多见,也可见于医院获得性感染。近年来,产CTX-M型菌株明显增加,且逐渐超过SHV型及TEM型,成为目前最常见的β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌。出现产ESBL细菌感染的患者多合并相关的危险因素,如总住院时间长,ICU住院时间长,疾病严重,留置各种导管,接受肾脏替代治疗或机械通气等。防止患者之间传播对ESBL控制至关重要。正确的经验性抗生素对于治疗产ESBL细菌引起的感染非常重要。一旦ESBL阳性,即使体外药敏结果敏感,亦需慎用头孢菌素,此时应首选碳青霉烯类抗生素。
引用
收藏
页码:5 / 8+15 +15
页数:5
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