秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响

被引:168
作者
李涛 [1 ,2 ]
何春娥 [1 ]
葛晓颖 [1 ]
欧阳竹 [1 ]
机构
[1] 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室
[2] 中国科学院大学
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划);
关键词
秸秆还田; 有机氮肥; 无机氮肥; C/N; 土壤酶; 土壤微生物量氮; 作物产量;
D O I
10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357
中图分类号
S153.6 [土壤成分]; S154.4 [土壤-植物系统];
学科分类号
090301 [土壤学];
摘要
秸秆的质量,特别是C/N是影响秸秆分解速率和养分释放的重要因素。在秸秆还田条件下,如何科学合理地施用氮肥是秸秆利用和优化施肥研究的关键问题。本研究以秸秆还田施入碳氮的C/N为切入点,于2012—2013年通过田间试验(设秸秆不还田不施肥、秸秆还田不施氮、秸秆还田施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1、16∶1和25∶1以及秸秆还田施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1处理),研究秸秆还田不同氮输入对小麦-玉米轮作田土壤无机氮、土壤微生物量氮、酶活性以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:1)在C/N为25∶1下,施用有机氮肥和无机氮肥对土壤无机氮含量无显著影响;在施用无机氮肥的情况下,C/N越低土壤无机氮含量越高。2)秸秆还田施氮提高了土壤微生物量氮含量,但是各秸秆还田施氮处理之间差异不显著;秸秆还田不同施氮处理对脲酶活性无显著影响;秸秆还田施氮提高了FDA水解酶活性,并随C/N降低呈升高趋势,施用无机氮肥的效果强于施用有机氮肥的。3)秸秆还田施用无机氮肥显著提高了小麦和玉米地上部生物量,施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1和16∶1相比于C/N为25∶1提高了小麦和玉米的苗期和成熟期地上部生物量;施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1相比秸秆还田不施氮对地上部生物量无显著影响。秸秆还田施用无机氮肥提高了作物产量,施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1产量最高,而施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1有降低作物产量的趋势。综合以上结果来看,施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1较为合理。
引用
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页码:1633 / 1642
页数:10
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