Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing

被引:102
作者
Basner, Mathias [1 ]
Dinges, David F. [1 ]
Mollicone, Daniel [2 ]
Ecker, Adrian [1 ]
Jones, Christopher W. [1 ]
Hyder, Eric C. [1 ]
Di Antonio, Adrian [1 ]
Savelev, Igor [3 ,4 ]
Kan, Kevin [2 ]
Goel, Namni [1 ]
Morukov, Boris V. [5 ]
Sutton, Jeffrey P. [4 ,6 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Perelman Sch Med, Div Sleep & Chronobiol,Unit Expt Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[2] Pulsar Informat Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[3] Wyle, Human Performance & Engn Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA
[4] Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA
[5] Inst Biomed Problems, Moscow 123007, Russia
[6] Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Space Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA
[7] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA
基金
美国国家航空航天局;
关键词
sleep-wake regulation; astronaut; CIRCADIAN MELATONIN RHYTHM; VIGILANCE TEST PVT; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL JETLAG; PHASE; LIGHT; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; ENTRAINMENT; PERIOD;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1212646110
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
070301 [无机化学]; 070403 [天体物理学]; 070507 [自然资源与国土空间规划学]; 090105 [作物生产系统与生态工程];
摘要
The success of interplanetary human spaceflight will depend on many factors, including the behavioral activity levels, sleep, and circadian timing of crews exposed to prolonged microgravity and confinement. To address the effects of the latter, we used a high-fidelity ground simulation of a Mars mission to objectively track sleep-wake dynamics in a multinational crew of six during 520 d of confined isolation. Measurements included continuous recordings of wrist actigraphy and light exposure (4.396 million min) and weekly computer-based neurobehavioral assessments (n = 888) to identify changes in the crew's activity levels, sleep quantity and quality, sleep-wake periodicity, vigilance performance, and workload throughout the record-long 17 mo of mission confinement. Actigraphy revealed that crew sedentariness increased across the mission as evident in decreased waking movement (i.e., hypokinesis) and increased sleep and rest times. Light exposure decreased during the mission. The majority of crewmembers also experienced one or more disturbances of sleep quality, vigilance deficits, or altered sleep-wake periodicity and timing, suggesting inadequate circadian entrainment. The results point to the need to identify markers of differential vulnerability to hypokinesis and sleep-wake changes during the prolonged isolation of exploration spaceflight and the need to ensure maintenance of circadian entrainment, sleep quantity and quality, and optimal activity levels during exploration missions. Therefore, successful adaptation to such missions will require crew to transit in spacecraft and live in surface habitats that instantiate aspects of Earth's geophysical signals (appropriately timed light exposure, food intake, exercise) required for temporal organization and maintenance of human behavior.
引用
收藏
页码:2635 / 2640
页数:6
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