The listening in spatialized noise test: Normative data for children

The Listening in Spatialized Noise test (LISN (R)) produces a three-dimensional auditory environment under head- phones, using only a PC and an audiometer, and was designed to provide an ecologically valid assessment of auditory figure-ground skills in children. The listener is required to indicate the intelligibility level of a story presented at 0 degrees azimuth, in the presence of distracter sentences simultaneously presented at either 0 degrees or +/- 90 degrees azimuth. Various measures assess the extent to which either spatial, vocal, or spatial and vocal cues combined, increase a listener's ability to comprehend the story, without being affected by differences between participants in variables such as linguistic skills. There was a trend of improved performance with increasing age for 48 normally hearing seven-, eight-, and nine-year-olds, and sixteen adults. Whereas some significant differences were found between adults and children, there were no significant differences in performance between the seven-, eight-, and nine-year-olds on any measure, and no significant gender or practice effects were observed. Future studies on children with suspected auditory processing disorder were considered warranted.