Echinoderm immunity and the evolution of the complement system

被引:120
作者
Cross, PS
Al-Sharif, WZ
Clow, LA
Smith, LC
机构
[1] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA
[2] George Washington Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20052 USA
[3] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
关键词
echinodermata; complement; alternative pathway; evolution; coelomocytes; immunology;
D O I
10.1016/S0145-305X(99)00022-1
中图分类号
S9 [水产、渔业];
学科分类号
0908 ;
摘要
Our understanding of inflammatory responses in humans has it roots in the comparative approach to immunology. In the late 1900's, research on echinoderms provided the initial evidence for the importance of phagocytic cells in reactions to foreign material. Studies of allograft rejection kinetics have shown that echinoderms have a non-adaptive, activation type of immune response. Coelomocytes mediate the cellular responses to immune challenges through phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytoxicity, and the production of antimicrobial agents. In addition, a variety of humoral factors found in the coelomic fluid, including lectins, agglutinins, and lysins, are important in host defense against pathogens and other foreign substances. Recently, a simple complement system has been identified in the purple sea urchin that is homologous to the alternative pathway in vertebrates. The sea machine homologue of C3, is inducible by challenge with lipopolysaccharide, which is known to activate coelomocytes. Complement components have been identified in all vertebrate classes, and now have been characterized in protochordates and echinoderms indicating the primordial nature of the complement system. Because it is thought that the complement system evolved from a few primordial genes by gene duplication and divergence, the origin of this system appears to have occurred within the common ancester of the deuterostomes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:429 / 442
页数:14
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