The Histidine Kinase AHK5 Integrates Endogenous and Environmental Signals in Arabidopsis Guard Cells

被引:102
作者
Desikan, Radhika [1 ,5 ]
Horak, Jakub [2 ]
Chaban, Christina [2 ]
Mira-Rodado, Virtudes [2 ]
Witthoeft, Janika [2 ]
Elgass, Kirstin [3 ]
Grefen, Christopher [2 ]
Cheung, Man-Kim [5 ]
Meixner, Alfred J. [3 ]
Hooley, Richard [4 ]
Neill, Steven John [5 ]
Hancock, John Travers [5 ]
Harter, Klaus [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, London, England
[2] Univ Tubingen, Zentrum Molekularbiol Pflanzen Pflanzenphysiol, Tubingen, Germany
[3] Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys & Theoretical Chem, Dept Nano Opt, Tubingen, Germany
[4] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath, Avon, England
[5] Univ West England, Ctr Res Plant Sci, Bristol, Avon, England
来源
PLOS ONE | 2008年 / 3卷 / 06期
基金
英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0002491
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Background: Stomatal guard cells monitor and respond to environmental and endogenous signals such that the stomatal aperture is continually optimised for water use efficiency. A key signalling molecule produced in guard cells in response to plant hormones, light, carbon dioxide and pathogen-derived signals is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The mechanisms by which H2O2 integrates multiple signals via specific signalling pathways leading to stomatal closure is not known. Principal Findings: Here, we identify a pathway by which H2O2, derived from endogenous and environmental stimuli, is sensed and transduced to effect stomatal closure. Histidine kinases (HK) are part of two-component signal transduction systems that act to integrate environmental stimuli into a cellular response via a phosphotransfer relay mechanism. There is little known about the function of the HK AHK5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we report that in addition to the predicted cytoplasmic localisation of this protein, AHK5 also appears to co-localise to the plasma membrane. Although AHK5 is expressed at low levels in guard cells, we identify a unique role for AHK5 in stomatal signalling. Arabidopsis mutants lacking AHK5 show reduced stomatal closure in response to H2O2, which is reversed by complementation with the wild type gene. Over-expression of AHK5 results in constitutively less stomatal closure. Abiotic stimuli that generate endogenous H2O2, such as darkness, nitric oxide and the phytohormone ethylene, also show reduced stomatal closure in the ahk5 mutants. However, ABA caused closure, dark adaptation induced H2O2 production and H2O2 induced NO synthesis in mutants. Treatment with the bacterial pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin, but not elf peptide, also exhibited reduced stomatal closure and H2O2 generation in ahk5 mutants. Significance: Our findings identify an integral signalling function for AHK5 that acts to integrate multiple signals via H2O2 homeostasis and is independent of ABA signalling in guard cells.
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页数:15
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