Especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but also monomorphonuclear leukocytes, roll spontaneously in venules of intact rat skin: Involvement of E-selectin

White blood cells roll spontaneously in venules of intact, noninflamed rat skin. We investigated non-invasively in two experimental series which leukocyte subtypes participate in this phenomenon and the possible involvement of E-selectin. Male Lewis rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and intravital video microscopy was performed on post-capillary venules in the nail-fold of a hind leg. In series 1 acridine yellow was infused for 15 min (50 mg per kg intravenously) to stain the leukocyte nuclei in situ. With the use of fluorescence microscopy rolling leukocytes could be classified unequivocally as polymorphonuclear (granulocytes) or monomorphonuclear (lymphocytes/monocytes) by the shape of their nucleus. Irrespective of vessel depth beneath the skin surface (25-45 mum), most identified rolling leukocytes were classified as granulocytes (72%-100%; median 89%). This percentage was independent of total rolling leukocyte flux, systemic leukocyte count, or their in vitro differentiation pattern. In series 2, rats were treated with either a synthetic, highly selective E-selectin blocking peptide or a control peptide (intravenously, 12 mg peptide per kg bolus, followed by 50 mg per kg per h). E-selectin blockade significantly reduced the leukocyte rolling level to about 50% of baseline (p < 0.01), whereas the rolling velocity increased (p < 0.01); the control peptide had no effect. In summary, most of the leukocytes rolling spontaneously in postcapillary venules of intact rat skin are granulocytes, despite the absence of an acute inflammatory reaction. One of the adhesion molecules involved in this phenomenon is E-selectin.