Interleukins 1β and 10 Expressions in the Periimplant Crevicular Fluid From Patients With Untreated Periimplant Disease

Purpose: To analyze the interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-10 expressions in periimplant crevicular fluid (PICF) in healthy and diseased regions to elucidate the inflammatory process around implants and its influence on clinical diagnosis. Materials and Methods: PICF samples from 30 patients were analyzed for IL-1 beta and IL-10 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were divided in Groups A (health), B (mucositis), and C (periimplantitis). Plaque accumulation, periodontal phenotype (PP), depth on probing, and history of periodontitis (HP) were evaluated. Results: IL-1 beta levels were lower in healthy group compared with Groups B (P < 0.0005) and C (P < 0.001). IL-10 levels were higher in Groups A compared with B (P = 0.033) and C (P = 0.0001). Patients with HP and thin PP had 9 and 4.5 times more chance of presenting disease, respectively. Conclusions: Lower IL-1 beta and higher IL-10 levels characterized healthy periimplant conditions, which demonstrate the anti-inflammatory predominance in sites without disease signs. IL-10 levels decrease significantly according to increase of disease status. Therefore, its levels can differentiate healthy, mucositis, and periimplantitis. Thin PP and HP are associated with periimplant disease. These findings suggest the use of ILs as a biochemical marker for early diagnosis of periimplant disease. (Implant Dent 2013;22:143-150)