Programming of DNA Methylation Patterns

被引：336

作者：

Cedar, Howard ^{[1
]}

Bergman, Yehudit ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol & Canc Res, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel

来源：

ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 81 | 2012年 / 81卷

关键词：

maintenance; repression; chromatin; development; reprogramming; imprinting; DE-NOVO METHYLATION; CELL-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLATION; BINDING PROTEIN MECP2; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; CPG ISLAND; EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN; SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY; INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA;

D O I：

10.1146/annurev-biochem-052610-091920

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

DNA methylation represents a form of genome annotation that mediates gene repression by serving as a maintainable mark that can be used to reconstruct silent chromatin following each round of replication. During development, germline DNA methylation is erased in the blastocyst, and a bimodal pattern is established anew at the time of implantation when the entire genome gets methylated while CpG islands are protected. This brings about global repression and allows housekeeping genes to be expressed in all cells of the body. Postimplantation development is characterized by stage- and tissue-specific changes in methylation that ultimately mold the epigenetic patterns that define each individual cell type. This is directed by sequence information in DNA and represents a secondary event that provides long-term expression stability. Abnormal methylation changes play a role in diseases, such as cancer or fragile X syndrome, and may also occur as a function of aging or as a result of environmental influences.

引用

页码：97 / 117

页数：21

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