Structure of the hydrogen bonding complex of O-6-methylguanine with cytosine and thymine during DNA replication

During DNA replication, mutations occur when an incorrect dNTP is incorporated opposite a carcinogen-modified nucleotide. We have probed the structures of the interaction between O-6-methylguanine (O(6)mG) and cytosine and thymine during replication by kinetic means in order to examine the structure during the rate determining step. The kinetics of incorporation of dCTP and dTTP opposite O(6)mG and three analogs, S-G-methyl-6-thioguanine, O-6-methyl-1-deazaguanine and O-6-methylhypoxanthine, have been measured with four polymerases, the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, the Klenow fragment with the proof-reading exonuclease inactivated, Tag and Tth polymerases. In the insertion of dTTP opposite O(6)mG, a large decrease in V-max/K-m was observed only upon modification of the N1 position. This result is consistent with a Watson-Crick type configuration. For the incorporation of dCTP, the V-max/K-m was significantly decreased only with removal of the exocyclic amino group at the 2 position. The pH dependence of the ratio of incorporation of dCTP and dTTP was independent of pH at physiological pH. This result suggests that dCTP is incorporated via an uncharged complex such as the wobble configuration.