Can we develop a permanent pulsatile rotary blood pump? Yes, we can.

Active U.S. participation in the development of artificial heart technology began in 1966 with the award of six contracts. Since that beginning, and continuing to this day, we have been asking the same question, ''Can we develop a system to take the place of a natural heart?'' There are four formidable barriers that must be overcome before success can be achieved: technological development (Can the system perform as designed?); economic challenges (Can we finance the development?); regulatory hurdles (Can we get it approved for general use?); and acceptance (Will it be used, and will society accept it for what it is?). After 30 years, all but the last barrier has been overcome.