Subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats:: Effect of singular or sustained hemodilution with α-α diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin on cerebral hypoperfusion

Objective: To evaluate the effect of singular or sustained hemodilution, with alpha-alpha diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb), on the area of hypoperfusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Design: Prospective animal study. Setting: Animal research laboratory. Subjects: isoflurane anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Interventions: Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by injecting 0.3 mL of blood into the cisterna magna. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (n = 16 in each hemodilution group; eight animals received a single treatment of hemodilution after subarachnoid hemorrhage; and, for eight animals, treatment was sustained for 48 hrs): control group (n = 8), no hematocrit (45%) manipulation; DCLHb group (n = 16), hematocrit decreased to 30% with DCLHb; or Alb group (n = 16), hematocrit decreased to 30% with human serum albumin. After 48 hrs, the area of hypoperfusion (cerebral blood flow < 40 mL/100g/min) was determined with C-14-iodoantipyrine in five coronal brain sections. Measurements and Main Results: For both singular and sustained treatment, the area of hypoperfusion was less in both hemodilution groups than in the control group (p < .05). For four of the five coronal brain sections, no differences were found between the DCLHb and Alb groups within a given hemodilution protocol. In addition, in four of the five coronal brain sections for the DCLHb hemodilution groups and in all five sections for the albumin hemodilution groups, the area of hypoperfusion was less for rats that received sustained hemodilution compared with their respective groups in the singular treatment protocol (p < .05). Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that hemodilution with molecular hemoglobin decreases hypoperfusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage and that sustained hemodilution is more effective than singular treatment. The data do not support the notion that intravascular DCLHb has an adverse effect on cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.