Swelling-activated efflux of taurine and other organic osmolytes in endothelial cells

We used a combined biochemical, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approach to study the effects of hyposmotic swelling on organic osmolyte efflux in endothelial cells (EC). In [H-3]taurine-loaded monolayers of calf pulmonary artery EC (CPAEC), hyposmolality activated time- and dose-dependent effluxes of [H-3]taurine. Swelling-activated [H-3]taurine efflux (J(tauswell)) in CPAEC was inhibited by the anion channel blockers tamoxifen, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB), 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), fenamates, and also quinine (in a pi-I-dependent manner), ATP, and the phospholipase A(2) inhibitor 4-bromophenacyl bromide. In contrast, J(tauswell) was partly or totally insensitive to bumetanide, forskolin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and staurosporine. Swelling also activated myo-[H-3]inositol efflux that was blocked by tamoxifen, NPPB, DIDS, and niflumic acid. Moreover, the cellular content of taurine and other amino acids was significantly reduced in osmotically activated CPAEC. Finally, in whole cell patch-clamp experiments, taurine, glycine, aspartate, and glutamate exhibited significant permeability for swelling-activated anion channels. In conclusion, hyposmotic swelling activates efflux of taurine and other organic osmolytes in EC. In addition, our results suggest that anion channels may provide a pathway for swelling-activated efflux of organic osmolytes in EC.