Poly(2,7-carbazole)s and related polymers

This chapter reviews the recent progress made in the synthesis and characterization of carbazole-based oligomers and polymers. In fact, four classes of those p-type semiconducting materials will be presented: oligomers and polymers derived from carbazoles, indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, diindolo[3,2-b: 2',3'-h]carbazoles, and bisindenocarbazoles. Synthetic pathways used to obtain ladder-type polymers with rod-like structure will also be reported. The characterization of the optical and electrical properties will be discussed with a strong emphasis on the structure-property relationships. Great attention will also be paid to the performances obtained with these materials used as active layers in different types of devices such as field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, and thermoelectric devices.