Energy-concentration phenomenon in combustion waves

By the example of natural flames with energy excess, it is shown that these flames can exist in various systems and combustion regimes. The mere existence of some flames, such as cellular and spin flames, is caused by the excess energy. Mechanisms of energy concentration are also numerous. In addition to heat-transfer processes (conduction, convection, and radiation), energy concentration may be caused by mass-transfer processes, phase transitions, filtration, gas compressibility, etc. Examples of flames with artificial conditions for energy concentration demonstrate a wide range of possible applications of this phenomenon.