Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus

被引:141
作者
Jenkinson, Ned [1 ,2 ]
Nandi, Dipanker [3 ]
Muthusamy, Kalai [2 ]
Ray, Nicola J. [2 ]
Gregory, Ralph
Stein, John F. [2 ]
Aziz, Tpu Z. [1 ]
机构
[1] John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Surg, Oxford OX3 9DU, England
[2] Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford, England
[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Oxford, England
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
PPN; pedunculopontine; Parkinson's disease; anatomy; physiology; PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION; CHOLINERGIC RETICULAR SYSTEM; SINGLE-UNIT ACTIVITY; TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; BASAL-GANGLIA; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA;
D O I
10.1002/mds.22189
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
The pedunculopontine nucleus is composed of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurones and is located in the caudal pontomesencephalic tegmentum. Evidence suggests that the nucleus plays a role in the production and control of movement. The nucleus has dense interconnections with the basal gar.glia, as well as with other areas of the brain associated with motor control. Electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus in the decerebrate cat or rat produces organized locomotor movements. Physiological studies show that the pedunculopontine nucleus modulates its activity in response to locomotion, as well as Voluntary arm and eye movements. Degeneration of the pedunculopontine nucleus is seen in post-mortem brains in humans with Parkin-son's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes. In animal models of Parkinson's disease, metabolic changes are seen in the pedunculopontine nucleus, and chemical inhibition or mechanical disruption of the nucleus can produce an akinetic state in animals and man. In this paper we review the literature in support of the Suggestion that some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are Caused by dysfunction of the pedunculopontine nucleus. In accordance with this view, direct stimulation of the nucleus can ameliorate some symptoms of the disease, as demonstrated in both experimental animals and man. (C) 2008 Movement Disorder Society
引用
收藏
页码:319 / 328
页数:10
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