Laparoscopic transcystic cholangioscopic lithotripsy for common bile duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background and Study Aims: Following the recent introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for cholecystolithiasis, treatment of concomitant common bile duct (CBD) stones has been evaluated by using laparoscopic choledochotomy, a transcystic approach, or by means of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) before or after LC. Patients and Methods: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, we attempted lithotripsy of CBD stones using laparoscopic transcystic cholangioscopy with lithotripsy (LTCL), in 70 patients out of 950 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Preparatory tests included laboratory values, ultrasound, and performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with placement of a nasobiliary tube (without sphincterotomy). Results: Introduction of the cholangioscope into the CBD was successful in 65 patients (92.9%) and CBD clearance was completely achieved by LTCL alone in 51 (78.5%). The overall success rate was therefore 73%. The remaining 19 cases required postoperative procedures such as extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy without ERC or ES (successful in all). The average hospital stay period was 9.4 days for patients in whom CBD clearance was achieved by LTCL alone. This period did not differ significantly from that of patients who underwent LC alone (8.4 days). The operation time was about 70 minutes longer for the LTCL group (total time 174 minutes on average) than for the LC group (107 minutes). We did not observe any serious complications during or after LTCL (mean follow-up period: 34 months). Conclusion: LTCL in combination with LC allows shortening of the hospital stay and a swift return to work for patients with CBD stones. This procedure also preserves the function of the sphincter of Oddi, so that the long-term prognosis for patients is likely to be very good.