Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study

被引:176
作者
Lagiou, Pagona [1 ,2 ]
Sandin, Sven [3 ]
Lof, Marie [3 ,4 ]
Trichopoulos, Dimitrios [2 ,5 ]
Adami, Hans-Olov [2 ,3 ]
Weiderpass, Elisabete [3 ,6 ,7 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
[2] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
[4] Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden
[5] Acad Athens, Bur Epidemiol Res, GR-10679 Athens, Greece
[6] Canc Registry Norway, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
[7] Univ Tromso, Dept Community Med, Tromso, Norway
[8] Samfundet Folkhalsan, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland
来源
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL | 2012年 / 344卷
基金
瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-FAT DIET; WEIGHT-LOSS; RISK; OBESITY; MEN; POPULATION; HEALTH; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL;
D O I
10.1136/bmj.e4026
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Objective To study the long term consequences of low carbohydrate diets, generally characterised by concomitant increases in protein intake, on cardiovascular health. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Uppsala, Sweden. Participants From a random population sample, 43 396 Swedish women, aged 30-49 years at baseline, completed an extensive dietary questionnaire and were followed-up for an average of 15.7 years. Main outcome measures Association of incident cardiovascular diseases (ascertained by linkage with nationwide registries), overall and by diagnostic category, with decreasing carbohydrate intake (in tenths), increasing protein intake (in tenths), and an additive combination of these variables (low carbohydrate-high protein score, from 2 to 20), adjusted for intake of energy, intake of saturated and unsaturated fat, and several non-dietary variables. Results A one tenth decrease in carbohydrate intake or increase in protein intake or a 2 unit increase in the low carbohydrate-high protein score were all statistically significantly associated with increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease overall (n=1270)-incidence rate ratio estimates 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.08), 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06), and 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08). No heterogeneity existed in the association of any of these scores with the five studied cardiovascular outcomes: ischaemic heart disease (n=703), ischaemic stroke (n=294), haemorrhagic stroke (n=70), subarachnoid haemorrhage (n=121), and peripheral arterial disease (n=82). Conclusions Low carbohydrate-high protein diets, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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页数:11
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