Blue phases and twist grain boundary phases (TGBA and TGBC) in a series of fluoro-substituted chiral tolane derivatives

A series of fluoro-substituted tolane derivatives: (R)-1-methylheptyl 3'-fluoro-4'-(3-fluoro-4-n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)tolane-4-carboxylates is reported. Some members of this series exhibit the phase sequence: Cr-SmC*-TGBC-TGBA-BPI-BPII-BPIII-I. The blue phases, the TGBA and TGBC phases and the SmC* phase were characterized in detail by microscopic observation, differential scanning calorimetry, helical pi ch measurements, X-ray structural analysis and electro-optical study. The blue phases directly next to the TGBA phase were shown to be a new type of blue phase exhibiting smectic ordering. A commensurate TGBC phase with constant number of slabs per pitch was observed.