Antioxidant effects of isoflavonoids and lignans, and protection against DNA oxidation

The antioxidant capability of a series of isoflavonoid and lignan compounds in both cellular and cell-free systems has been investigated, and related to structure. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid exhibited a potent antioxidant activity in both HepG2 and MDA-MB-468 cells IC(50) 5.3 and 1.1 mu M respectively, as determined by inhibition of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin oxidation via t-BOOH, although no inhibition was observed with other compounds tested in this system. All compounds inhibited the formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine in DNA exposed to hydroxyl radicals via gamma irradiation or the Fenton reaction. Whilst almost complete inhibition of gamma irradiation-induced damage was achieved (IC(50) ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 mu M), inhibition was less pronounced with the Fenton system. The ability of all compounds to interact with DNA (as well as with reactive oxygen and iron) was also demonstrated by scanning UV spectroscopy, suggesting that the compounds may inhibit DNA oxidation at least in part by binding to DNA. Hydroxyl radical-scavenging, iron-chelating and DNA-binding activity of these compounds supports their proposed role as natural cancer-protective agents. Abbreviations: NDGA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid; HPLC-EC, high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; ROS, reactive oxygen species; 8-oxodG, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine; dG, deoxyguanosine; I-BOOM, tert-butyl hydroperoxide; DCFH-DA, 2',7'-didfloronuorescin-diacetate; DCFH, 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin; DCF, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein; DMF, N, N-dimethyl-formamide.