Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone derivatives as tools to interrupt execution of the aging program. 1. Cationic plastoquinone derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro studies

被引：276

作者：

Antonenko, Y. N. ^{[1
]}

Avetisyan, A. V. ^{[1
]}

Bakeeva, L. E. ^{[1
]}

Chernyak, B. V. ^{[1
]}

Chertkov, V. A. ^{[2
]}

Domnina, L. V. ^{[1
]}

Ivanova, O. Yu. ^{[1
]}

Izyumov, D. S. ^{[1
]}

Khailova, L. S. ^{[1
]}

Klishin, S. S. ^{[1
]}

Korshunova, G. A. ^{[1
]}

Lyamzaev, K. G. ^{[1
]}

Muntyan, M. S. ^{[1
]}

Nepryakhina, O. K. ^{[1
]}

Pashkovskaya, A. A. ^{[1
]}

Pletjushkina, O. Yu. ^{[1
]}

Pustovidko, A. V. ^{[1
]}

Roginsky, V. A. ^{[3
]}

Rokitskaya, T. I. ^{[1
]}

Ruuge, E. K. ^{[4
]}

Saprunova, V. B. ^{[1
]}

Severina, I. I. ^{[5
]}

Simonyan, R. A. ^{[1
]}

Skulachev, I. V. ^{[6
]}

Skulachev, M. V. ^{[6
]}

Sumbatyan, N. V. ^{[2
]}

Sviryaeva, I. V. ^{[4
]}

Tashlitsky, V. N. ^{[2
]}

Vassiliev, J. M. ^{[1
]}

Vyssokikh, M. Yu. ^{[1
]}

Yaguzhinsky, L. S. ^{[1
]}

Zamyatnin, A. A., Jr. ^{[6
]}

Skulachev, V. P. ^{[1
,6
,7
]}

机构：

[1] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia

[2] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia

[3] Inst Chem Phys, Moscow 119977, Russia

[4] Cardiol Res Ctr, Inst Expt Cardiol, Moscow 121552, Russia

[5] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia

[6] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Mitoengn Ctr, Moscow 119991, Russia

[7] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Bioengn & Bioinformat, Moscow 119991, Russia

来源：

BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW | 2008年 / 73卷 / 12期

基金：

俄罗斯基础研究基金会;

关键词：

SkQ1; penetrating cations; plastoquinone; antioxidants; mitochondria; apoptosis;

D O I：

10.1134/S0006297908120018

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Synthesis of cationic plastoquinone derivatives (SkQs) containing positively charged phosphonium or rhodamine moieties connected to plastoquinone by decane or pentane linkers is described. It is shown that SkQs (i) easily penetrate through planar, mitochondrial, and outer cell membranes, (ii) at low (nanomolar) concentrations, posses strong antioxidant activity in aqueous solution, BLM, lipid micelles, liposomes, isolated mitochondria, and cells, (iii) at higher (micromolar) concentrations, show pronounced prooxidant activity, the "window" between anti- and prooxidant concentrations being very much larger than for MitoQ, a cationic ubiquinone derivative showing very much lower antioxidant activity and higher prooxidant activity, (iv) are reduced by the respiratory chain to SkQH(2), the rate of oxidation of SkQH(2) being lower than the rate of SkQ reduction, and (v) prevent oxidation of mitochondrial cardiolipin by OH center dot. In HeLa cells and human fibroblasts, SkQs operate as powerful inhibitors of the ROS-induced apoptosis and necrosis. For the two most active SkQs, namely SkQ1 and SkQR1, C (1/2) values for inhibition of the H2O2-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts appear to be as low as 1 center dot 10(-11) and 8 center dot 10(-13) M, respectively. SkQR1, a fluorescent representative of the SkQ family, specifically stains a single type of organelles in the living cell, i.e. energized mitochondria. Such specificity is explained by the fact that it is the mitochondrial matrix that is the only negatively-charged compartment inside the cell. Assuming that the Delta psi values on the outer cell and inner mitochondrial membranes are about 60 and 180 mV, respectively, and taking into account distribution coefficient of SkQ1 between lipid and water (about 13,000: 1), the SkQ1 concentration in the inner leaflet of the inner mitochondrial membrane should be 1.3 center dot 10(8) times higher than in the extracellular space. This explains the very high efficiency of such compounds in experiments on cell cultures. It is concluded that SkQs are rechargeable, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants of very high efficiency and specificity. Therefore, they might be used to effectively prevent ROS-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane in vivo.

引用

页码：1273 / 1287

页数：15

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