Short-term N dynamics following application of 15N-labeled urine to a sandy soil in summer

被引:27
作者
Bronson, KF
Sparling, GP
Fillery, IRP
机构
[1] Univ Western Australia, Cooperat Res Ctr Legumes Mediterranean Agr CLIMA, Nedlands, WA 6014, Australia
[2] CSIRO, Ctr Mediterranean Agr Res, Nedlands, WA 6014, Australia
关键词
urea; ammonia loss; nitrification; denitrification; nitrous oxide; nitric oxide;
D O I
10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00019-X
中图分类号
S15 [土壤学];
学科分类号
0903 ; 090301 ;
摘要
The short-term fate of 20.5 g N m(-2) of sheep urine, spiked with 99 at% N-15 urea was followed for 28 d after surface application to intact cores of a deep yellow sand (0-40 cm) in dry summer conditions in Western Australia. Soil N variables and soil pH were compared in cores receiving urine, an equivalent volume of water, or kept dry. A simulated 20-mm rainfall event was imposed 14 d after the urine application. The soils dried rapidly after urine addition and after a simulated rainfall. Urine-N hydrolysed rapidly to NH4+ as concentrations of NH4+ of 200 mu g N g(-1) were found in the 0-2.5 surface soil layer. The dry, windy conditions following urine hydrolysis favored loss of urine-N as NH3 gas, but severely limited nitrification of NH4+. Using the N-15 balance method, it was estimated that one-third of the urine-N applied was lost as NH3 during the first 3 d. Soil pH (10 mM CaCl2) increased immediately after urine addition. Emissions of N2O and NO were similar from cores receiving urine or water, and both increased after the simulated rainfall. Nitric oxide fluxes were about 10 times higher than N2O emissions. As a loss-pathway of urine-N. however, the magnitude of the N oxide emissions were insignificant compared to the NH3 loss estimate. Extractable organic-N (total soluble N minus NH4+-N) accounted for 36% of the urine-N initially, and decreased to about 12% by 28 d, Nonextractable organic-N or immobilized urine-N increased slowly over time to make up 16% of the balance by d 28. This study showed that besides a significant early loss as NH3, urine-N transformations proceed slowly in summer conditions in a sand. Ammonium-N that originated as urine is highly conserved in the summer and should be largely available for the following winter wheal crop. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1049 / 1057
页数:9
相关论文
共 34 条
[1]   EFFECTIVENESS OF ACETYLENE INHIBITION OF N2O REDUCTION FOR MEASURING DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS OF VARYING WETNESS [J].
AULAKH, MS ;
DORAN, JW .
COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, 1990, 21 (19-20) :2233-2243
[2]  
BALL PR, 1984, PLANT SOIL, V76, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02205564
[3]  
BALL PR, 1983, P 14 INT GRASSL C LE, P342
[4]   NITROGEN-BALANCE IN URINE-AFFECTED AREAS OF A NEW-ZEALAND PASTURE [J].
BALL, R ;
KEENEY, DR ;
THEOBALD, PW ;
NES, P .
AGRONOMY JOURNAL, 1979, 71 (02) :309-314
[5]  
*BRAN LUEBB, 1990, PUBL BRAN LUEBB
[6]   CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION AND THE RELEASE OF SOIL-NITROGEN - A RAPID DIRECT EXTRACTION METHOD TO MEASURE MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN IN SOIL [J].
BROOKES, PC ;
LANDMAN, A ;
PRUDEN, G ;
JENKINSON, DS .
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 1985, 17 (06) :837-842
[7]   DIFFUSION METHOD TO PREPARE SOIL EXTRACTS FOR AUTOMATED N-15 ANALYSIS [J].
BROOKS, PD ;
STARK, JM ;
MCINTEER, BB ;
PRESTON, T .
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 1989, 53 (06) :1707-1711
[8]   FORAGE TREE LEGUMES .3. RELEASE OF NITROGEN FROM LEAF, FECES AND URINE DERIVED FROM LEUCAENA AND GLIRICIDIA LEAF [J].
CATCHPOOLE, DW ;
BLAIR, GJ .
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, 1990, 41 (03) :539-547
[9]  
CHURCH DC, 1969, DIGESTIVE PHYSL NUTR, V1, P104
[10]   UPTAKE AND LEACHING OF NITROGEN FROM ARTIFICIAL URINE APPLIED TO GRASSLAND ON DIFFERENT DATES DURING THE GROWING-SEASON [J].
CUTTLE, SP ;
BOURNE, PC .
PLANT AND SOIL, 1993, 150 (01) :77-86