Diagnostic value of the post-captopril test in primary aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism is a disorder with hypertension, hypokalemia, increased plasma aldosterone, and suppressed renin activity. A random plasma aldosterone/renin activity (PA/PRA) >65 (conventional units ratio (CUR] >30) has been proposed as a screening test. We have retrospectively determined the value of the post-captopril plasma aldosterone/renin activity (CAPT PA/PRA) test for the diagnosis of patients with primary aldosteronism whose PA/PRA was <65. We considered the CAPT PA/PRA test to be positive for primary aldosteronism if either the plasma aldosterone concentration did not drop below 0.33 nmol/L (12 ng/dL) or the ratio was >26 (CUR >12). We found 6 patients with a random PA/PRA of 21 to 60 (CUR 10 to 28), yet with an abnormal post-captopril test criteria for primary aldosteronism. Five had an abnormal saline suppression test, and all 6 were confirmed by a combination of diagnostic localization with computerized axial tomography, iodocholesterol scan, adrenal venous sampling, and/or surgery. Four had idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia, and 2 had an aldosterone-producing adenoma. One other patient had an abnormal random plasma aldosterone/renin activity ratio of 99 (CUR 46), a negative saline infusion study, and was determined to have essential hypertension. In summary, the CAPT PA/PRA, but not the random PA/PRA, correctly diagnosed 6 patients with primary aldosteronism in our institution. An additional patient with essential hypertension was incorrectly diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism by the PA/PRA test. We conclude that the simple addition of 25 mg of captopril, taken orally 2 hours before sampling, enhances the accuracy for diagnosing patients with primary aldosteronism.