Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by both soils and climate

被引：483

作者：

Quesada, C. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Phillips, O. L. ^{[1
]}

Schwarz, M. ^{[3
]}

Czimczik, C. I. ^{[4
]}

Baker, T. R. ^{[1
]}

Patino, S. ^{[1
,4
]}

Fyllas, N. M. ^{[1
]}

Hodnett, M. G. ^{[5
]}

Herrera, R. ^{[6
]}

Almeida, S. ^{[7
]}

Alvarez Davila, E. ^{[8
]}

Arneth, A. ^{[9
]}

Arroyo, L. ^{[10
]}

Chao, K. J. ^{[1
]}

Dezzeo, N. ^{[6
]}

Erwin, T. ^{[11
]}

di Fiore, A. ^{[12
]}

Higuchi, N. ^{[2
]}

Honorio Coronado, E. ^{[13
]}

Jimenez, E. M. ^{[14
]}

Killeen, T. ^{[15
]}

Lezama, A. T. ^{[16
]}

Lloyd, G. ^{[17
]}

Lopez-Gonzalez, G. ^{[1
]}

Luizao, F. J. ^{[2
]}

Malhi, Y. ^{[18
]}

Monteagudo, A. ^{[19
,20
]}

Neill, D. A. ^{[21
]}

Nunez Vargas, P. ^{[19
]}

Paiva, R. ^{[2
]}

Peacock, J. ^{[1
]}

Penuela, M. C. ^{[14
]}

Pena Cruz, A. ^{[20
]}

Pitman, N. ^{[22
]}

Priante Filho, N. ^{[23
]}

Prieto, A. ^{[24
]}

Ramirez, H. ^{[16
]}

Rudas, A. ^{[24
]}

Salomao, R. ^{[7
]}

Santos, A. J. B. ^{[2
,25
]}

Schmerler, J.

Silva, N. ^{[26
]}

Silveira, M. ^{[27
]}

Vasquez, R. ^{[20
]}

Vieira, I. ^{[7
]}

Terborgh, J. ^{[22
]}

Lloyd, J. ^{[1
,28
,29
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[2] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[3] Ecoserv, D-07743 Jena, Germany

[4] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany

[5] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England

[6] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela

[7] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil

[8] Jardin Bot Medellin, Medellin, Colombia

[9] Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany

[10] Museo Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

[11] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA

[12] NYU, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10003 USA

[13] IIAP, Iquitos, Peru

[14] Univ Nacl Colombia, Leticia, Colombia

[15] Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Washington, DC USA

[16] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Ambientales, Merida, Venezuela

[17] Integer Wealth Management, Camberwell, Australia

[18] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England

[19] Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cuzco, Peru

[20] Jardin Bot Missouri, Proyecto Flora Peru, Oxapampa, Peru

[21] Herbario Nacl Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

[22] Duke Univ, Ctr Trop Conservat, Durham, NC USA

[23] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Fis, Cuiaba, Brazil

[24] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia

[25] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

[26] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisas Agr, Belem, Para, Brazil

[27] Univ Fed Acre, Dept Ciencias Nat, Rio Branco, Brazil

[28] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia

[29] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia

来源：

BIOGEOSCIENCES | 2012年 / 9卷 / 06期

关键词：

TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; PLANT-GROWTH RESPONSES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; BRANCH XYLEM DENSITY; TREE GROWTH; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; RED HERRINGS;

D O I：

10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012

中图分类号：

Q14 [生态学（生物生态学）];

学科分类号：

071012 ; 0713 ;

摘要：

Forest structure and dynamics vary across the Amazon Basin in an east-west gradient coincident with variations in soil fertility and geology. This has resulted in the hypothesis that soil fertility may play an important role in explaining Basin-wide variations in forest biomass, growth and stem turnover rates. Soil samples were collected in a total of 59 different forest plots across the Amazon Basin and analysed for exchangeable cations, carbon, nitrogen and pH, with several phosphorus fractions of likely different plant availability also quantified. Physical properties were additionally examined and an index of soil physical quality developed. Bivariate relationships of soil and climatic properties with above-ground wood productivity, stand-level tree turnover rates, above-ground wood biomass and wood density were first examined with multivariate regression models then applied. Both forms of analysis were undertaken with and without considerations regarding the underlying spatial structure of the dataset. Despite the presence of autocorrelated spatial structures complicating many analyses, forest structure and dynamics were found to be strongly and quantitatively related to edaphic as well as climatic conditions. Basin-wide differences in stand-level turnover rates are mostly influenced by soil physical properties with variations in rates of coarse wood production mostly related to soil phosphorus status. Total soil P was a better predictor of wood production rates than any of the fractionated organic-or inorganic-P pools. This suggests that it is not only the immediately available P forms, but probably the entire soil phosphorus pool that is interacting with forest growth on longer timescales. A role for soil potassium in modulating Amazon forest dynamics through its effects on stand-level wood density was also detected. Taking this into account, otherwise enigmatic variations in stand-level biomass across the Basin were then accounted for through the interacting effects of soil physical and chemical properties with climate. A hypothesis of selfmaintaining forest dynamic feedback mechanisms initiated by edaphic conditions is proposed. It is further suggested that this is a major factor determining endogenous disturbance levels, species composition, and forest productivity across the Amazon Basin.

引用

页码：2203 / 2246

页数：44

共 221 条

[1]

Ackerly David D., 1996, P619

[2]

ADEPETU JA, 1976, SOIL SCI, V122, P159, DOI 10.1097/00010694-197609000-00006

[3]

Alexander IJ., 1989, MINERAL NUTR TROPICA

[4] Paleo-environmental change in Amazonian and African rainforest during the LGM [J].

Anhuf, D. ;

Ledru, M. -P. ;

Behling, H. ;

Da Cruz, F. W., Jr. ;

Cordeiro, R. C. ;

Van der Hammen, T. ;

Karmann, I. ;

Marengo, J. A. ;

De Oliveira, P. E. ;

Pessenda, L. ;

Siffedine, A. ;

Albuquerque, A. L. ;

Dias, P. L. Da Silva .

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY, 2006, 239 (3-4) :510-527

[5] Is analysing the nitrogen use at the plant canopy level a matter of choosing the right optimization criterion? [J].

Anten, Niels P. R. ;

During, Heinjo J. .

OECOLOGIA, 2011, 167 (02) :293-303

[6] The Role of Wood Mass Density and Mechanical Constraints in the Economy of Tree Architecture [J].

Anten, Niels P. R. ;

Schieving, Feike .

AMERICAN NATURALIST, 2010, 175 (02) :250-260

[7] Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils [J].

Aragao, L. E. O. C. ;

Malhi, Y. ;

Metcalfe, D. B. ;

Silva-Espejo, J. E. ;

Jimenez, E. ;

Navarrete, D. ;

Almeida, S. ;

Costa, A. C. L. ;

Salinas, N. ;

Phillips, O. L. ;

Anderson, L. O. ;

Alvarez, E. ;

Baker, T. R. ;

Goncalvez, P. H. ;

Huaman-Ovalle, J. ;

Mamani-Solorzano, M. ;

Meir, P. ;

Monteagudo, A. ;

Patino, S. ;

Penuela, M. C. ;

Prieto, A. ;

Quesada, C. A. ;

Rozas-Davila, A. ;

Rudas, A. ;

Silva, J. A., Jr. ;

Vasquez, R. .

BIOGEOSCIENCES, 2009, 6 (12) :2759-2778

[8]

Arshad M. A., 1996, Methods for assessing soil quality., P123

[9]

ASHTON P S, 1978, P591

[10] Do species traits determine patterns of wood production in Amazonian forests? [J].

Baker, T. R. ;

Phillips, O. L. ;

Laurance, W. F. ;

Pitman, N. C. A. ;

Almeida, S. ;

Arroyo, L. ;

DiFiore, A. ;

Erwin, T. ;

Higuchi, N. ;

Killeen, T. J. ;

Laurance, S. G. ;

Nascimento, H. ;

Monteagudo, A. ;

Neill, D. A. ;

Silva, J. N. M. ;

Malhi, Y. ;

Gonzalez, G. Lopez ;

Peacock, J. ;

Quesada, C. A. ;

Lewis, S. L. ;

Lloyd, J. .

BIOGEOSCIENCES, 2009, 6 (02) :297-307

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →