Long Bone Osteomyelitis in Adults: Fundamental Concepts and Current Techniques

Osteomyelitis is challenging for orthopedic surgeons. The fundamental basis of osteomyelitis treatment is wide surgical debridement. A variety of operative techniques exist for soft tissue coverage and segmental bony stabilization; however, extensive resection remains the crucial starting point in a comprehensive treatment plan. Antibiotic therapy continues to be a cornerstone of adjuvant therapy; nevertheless, the length of treatment is still debated. With ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance rates, targeted therapy based on accurate cultures has become imperative. Osteomyelitis requires a multidisciplinary team prepared to formulate an individualized surgical and medical plan for each patient. The aim of the current article is to highlight and summarize the current concepts in the management of long bone osteomyelitis.