The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory

被引：568

作者：

Aab, A. ^{[47
]}

Abreu, P. ^{[76
,77
]}

Aglietta, M. ^{[64
,65
]}

Ahn, E. J. ^{[95
]}

Al Samarai, I. ^{[32
]}

Albert, J. N. ^{[33
]}

Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^{[20
]}

Allekotte, I. ^{[1
,2
]}

Allen, J. ^{[98
]}

Allison, P. ^{[100
]}

Almela, A. ^{[10
,14
]}

Alvarez Castillo, J. ^{[69
]}

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^{[88
]}

Batista, R. Alves ^{[46
]}

Ambrosio, M. ^{[50
,51
]}

Aminaei, A. ^{[70
]}

Anchordoqui, L. ^{[94
]}

Andringa, S. ^{[76
,77
]}

Aramo, C. ^{[50
,51
]}

Aranda, V. M. ^{[84
]}

Argiro, S. ^{[55
,56
]}

Arisaka, K. ^{[106
]}

Arneodo, F. ^{[63
]}

Arqueros, F. ^{[84
]}

Asch, T. ^{[43
]}

Asorey, H. ^{[1
,2
]}

Assis, P. ^{[76
,77
]}

Aublin, J. ^{[34
,35
]}

Ave, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Avenier, M. ^{[36
]}

Avila, G. ^{[12
,13
]}

Awal, N. ^{[98
]}

Badescu, A. M. ^{[81
]}

Balzer, M. ^{[41
]}

Barber, K. B. ^{[15
]}

Barbosa, A. ^{[16
]}

Barenthien, N. ^{[41
]}

Barkhausen, M. ^{[40
]}

Baeuml, J. ^{[41
]}

Baus, C. ^{[41
]}

Beatty, J. ^{[100
]}

Becker, K. H. ^{[40
]}

Bellido, J. A. ^{[15
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[107
]}

Berat, C. ^{[36
]}

Bergmann, T. ^{[41
]}

Bertaina, M. E. ^{[64
,65
]}

Biermann, P. L. ^{[44
]}

Bilhaut, R. ^{[33
]}

Billoir, P. ^{[34
,35
]}

机构：

[1] Ctr Atom Bariloche, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[2] Inst Balseiro San Carlos Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[3] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[4] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

[5] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, FCEyN, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[6] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

[7] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[8] UNR, CONICET, IFR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

[9] UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

[10] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[11] Univ Tecnol Nacl Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[12] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue, Argentina

[13] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue, Argentina

[14] Univ Tecnol Nacl Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[15] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[16] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[17] Fac Independentedo Nordeste, Vitoria Da Conquista, Brazil

[18] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil

[19] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

[20] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

[21] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

[22] Univ Estadualde Feira Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil

[23] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil

[24] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil

[25] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

[26] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[27] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

[28] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[29] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[30] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[31] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic

[32] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, Paris, France

[33] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, Paris, France

[34] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France

[35] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France

[36] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, Grenoble, France

[37] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, Paris, France

[38] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, Nantes, France

[39] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab AstroParticule & Cosmol, Paris, France

[40] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

[41] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Kernphys IKEP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[42] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[43] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[44] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[45] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany

[46] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

[47] Univ Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany

[48] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy

[49] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy

[50] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

来源：

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT | 2015年 / 798卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

Pierre Auger Observatory; High energy cosmic rays; Hybrid observatory; Water Cherenkov detectors; Air fluorescence detectors; EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS; ATMOSPHERIC MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SURFACE DETECTOR; ENERGY-SPECTRUM; FLUORESCENCE LIGHT; SYSTEM; ARRAY; DEPENDENCE; TELESCOPE; RADIATION;

D O I：

10.1016/j.nima.2015.06.058

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above 10(17) eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km(2) overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km(2), 61-detector infilled array with 750 in spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km(2) sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Observatory. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

引用

页码：172 / 213

页数：42

共 160 条

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Aab, A. ;

Abreu, P. ;

Aglietta, M. ;

Ahn, E. J. ;

Al Samarai, I. ;

Albuquerque, I. F. M. ;

Allekotte, I. ;

Allen, J. ;

Allison, P. ;

Almela, A. ;

Alvarez Castillo, J. ;

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ;

Batista, R. Alves ;

Ambrosio, M. ;

Aminaei, A. ;

Anchordoqui, L. ;

Andringa, S. ;

Aramo, C. ;

Aranda, V. M. ;

Arqueros, F. ;

Asorey, H. ;

Assis, P. ;

Aublin, J. ;

Ave, M. ;

Avenier, M. ;

Avila, G. ;

Badescu, A. M. ;

Barber, K. B. ;

Baeuml, J. ;

Baus, C. ;

Beatty, J. J. ;

Becker, K. H. ;

Bellido, J. A. ;

Berat, C. ;

Bertaina, M. E. ;

Bertou, X. ;

Biermann, P. L. ;

Billoir, P. ;

Blanco, M. ;

Bleve, C. ;

Bluemer, H. ;

Bohacova, M. ;

Boncioli, D. ;

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