Canopy size and induced resistance in Stylosanthes scabra determine anthracnose severity at high CO2

This Study examines the relative importance of canopy size and induced resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at 350- and 700-ppm atmospheric CO2 concentrations oil Susceptible Stylosanthes scabra 'Fitzroy' from two Studies in a controlled environment facility (CEF) and in the field. Plants were grown at the two CO2 concentrations in a repeated experiment in the CEF and inoculated at 6, 9, or 12 weeks of age. Although the physiological maturity of plants was at a similar stage for all three ages, the number of lesions per plant increased with increasing plant age at both CO2 concentrations. At 350 ppm, the increase was associated with canopy size and increasing infection efficiency of the pathogen, but at 700 ppm. it was associated only with canopy size, because infection efficiency did not change with increasing age. A level of resistance was induced in plants at 700 ppm M. In a second study, plants were raised for 12 to 14 weeks at the two CO2 concentrations in the CEF and exposed to C. gloeosporioides inoculum in replicated field plots under ambient CO2. Over three Successive years. Fitzroy developed a dense and enlarged canopy. with 28 to 46% more nodes, leaf area, and above-ground biomass at high CO2 than at low M. Up to twice as many lesions per plant were produced in the high CO2 plants, because the enlarged canopy trapped many more pathogen spores. The transient induced resistance in high CO2 plants failed to operate when exposed to pathogen inoculum under ambient CO2 in the field. These results highlight the need to consider both canopy size and host resistance in assessing the influence of elevated CO2 on plant disease.