Fluorescent Labeling of Biomolecules with Organic Probes

An insight into the field of the synthesis and application of organic fluorescent markers for labeling of amino acids, peptides, proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules, is provided. The carboxylic benzofuran and naphthofuran derivatives are used in the derivatization of α-amino acids located in the amine function of their main or lateral chains and in the hydroxyl group of the lateral chain. 4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-dione are used as a fluorogenic labeling reagent in precolumn derivatization for the liquid chromatography (LC) separation of amino acids. Studies have shown that the uncaging of 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl phosphoserine peptide is used to release bioactive species. Fluorescent labeling technologies such as the fluorescent biarsenical dye molecules are desirable in the use of large fusion proteins.