Maternal circulating nitrite levels are decreased in both normal normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies with preeclampsia

Objective: To evaluate whether maternal nitric oxide synthesis in pregnancies with preeclampsia is different from that in normal normotensive pregnancies. Materials: Maternal circulating combined nitrate and nitrite levels or nitrite level were compared between 10 normotensive nonpregnant women, 30 normotensive pregnant women (10 first-trimester, 10 second-trimester, and 10 third-trimester pregnancies), 20 normotensive postpartum women (10 at 1 week after delivery, and 10 at 4 weeks after delivery), and 13 preeclamptic women (32 to 40 weeks' gestation). End-products of nitric oxide syn thesis were measured from maternal venous blood samples using a fluorometric assay. Results: Maternal circulating nitrite levels in nonpregnant women (1.13 +/- 0.22 mu M) were significantly higher than those in the first-trimester pregnant women (0.68 +/- 0.13 mu M), second-trimester pregnant women (0.65 +/- 0.13 mu M), third-trimester pregnant women (0.48 +/- 0.17 mu M), first puerperal week women (0.36 +/- 0.16 mu M), and fourth puerperal week women (0.67 +/- 0.17 mu M), respectively (p < 0.05). Maternal circulating nitrite level was decreased with advancing gestation, still remained low just after delivery, and was increased 4 weeks later. There was no significant difference in maternal circulating nitrite level between preeclamptic women (0.40 +/- 0.17 mu M) and third-trimester pregnant women (0.48 +/- 0.17 mu M) However, there were no significant differences in maternal circulating combined nitrate and nitrite levels among the groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the maternal nitric oxide synthesis is not changed in normal normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies with preeclampsia. However, plasma nitrite level, which has stronger spasmolytic activity than the activity of the nitrate, was decreased in both normal normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies with preeclampsia.