Clinical and haemodynamic effects of sildenafil in pulmonary hypertension: acute and mid-term effects

Aim The treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension remains a challenge. We set out to investigate the use of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, in patients with this disease. Methods and results Ten patients (8 females, mean age 34.5 +/- 3.3 years) with pulmonary hypertension underwent right heart catheterisation with vasodilator testing using incremental doses of intravenous sildenafil without adverse events. All patients were subsequently commenced on oral sildenafil 50 mg t.d.s. Nine patients had repeat right heart catheterisation 3 months after the commencement of oral therapy. There was a significant reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 55.8 +/- 15.9 to 50.4 +/- 6.1 mmHg, p = 0.038) and pulmonary vascular resistance (from 10.1 +/- 1.7 to 8.6 +/- 1.5 Wood units, p = 0.009), and an increase in cardiac output (from 4.7 +/- 0.3 to 5.0 +/- 0.4 l/min, p = 0.15). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the 6-minute walk test, a mean of 112 m. In response to a quality-of-life questionnaire, patients indicated marked clinical improvement on sildenafil. Sildenafil was discontinued in 1 patient due to a transient visual disturbance. The only patient previously awaiting transplantation was removed from the active transplantation list. Conclusions Sildenafil is welt tolerated in its intravenous and oral forms and appears to improve both pulmonary haemodynamics and the clinical status of patients with pulmonary hypertension after 3 months of oral therapy. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The European Society of Cardiology.